Characteristics of Moles, What to Watch Out For

Characteristics of Moles, What to Watch Out For

A mole is

The presence of clusters of melanocytes or nevus cells in a specific area of the body can result in the formation of moles, which appear as black or brown spots. Moles can be categorized into two possible types:

1. Congenital moles: These moles typically grow to a size of 5 millimeters or more and have a raised appearance. They may also have hair growing from them.

2. Acquired moles: These moles typically develop in areas of the body that are exposed to sunlight. They are usually small and have a smooth surface. If a mole is smaller than 5 mm and remains unchanged with a smooth appearance, it is often referred to as a freckle.

Certain types of moles have the potential to develop into skin cancer, and the exact cause of this transformation is still unknown. However, prolonged exposure to various stimuli is often associated with an increased risk. Factors such as long-term exposure to sunlight, extended periods of skin contact, repetitive friction or irritation leading to wounds, or exposure to certain chemicals are frequently implicated.

The characteristics of moles that should be monitored closely are:

1. Asymmetry: If one half of the mole does not match the other half in terms of shape or appearance.

2. Border: The borders of the mole are irregular or unclear, with jagged or poorly defined edges.

3. Color: Moles that exhibit multiple colors or uneven distribution of colors, such as patches of brown, black, red, white, or blue.

4. Diameter: Moles that are larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser) in diameter.

5. Evolution: Moles that undergo changes over time, including changes in color, shape, size, rapid growth, or bleeding.

Treatment Method

1. In the case of suspicious or potentially dangerous moles, it is important to consult a doctor who may recommend a skin biopsy. A skin sample will be collected from the mole and sent for histopathological examination to determine if any abnormal or cancerous cells are present.

2. Normal moles or freckles can be removed using a carbon dioxide laser (CO2 Laser) that utilizes heat to target and remove the mole cells. After the procedure, the treated area will form a scab that typically takes about 5-7 days to heal.

   Aftercare following laser treatment includes avoiding unnecessary exposure to the sun or outdoor activities for at least 2 weeks. This helps reduce the risk of developing dark spots or hyperpigmentation in the treated area.

Information provided by: Chanatip Yanubol, M.D.

Internal Medicine, Department of Dermatology