Venous abnormalities

Venous abnormalities

 

Blood circulation

 

The blood circulation can be easily explained if we look at its three main components: the heart, arteries, and veins.

 

The heart pumps oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood through an intricate network of arteries to every cell in the body. Oxygen and nutrients pass through the cells of the vascular system called “Capillaries”. The waste products of the metabolic process for energy and oxygen-depleted blood are pumped back to the lungs to be exchanged for oxygen-rich again before flowing back to the heart to begin new cycle.

 

The heart helps pump blood throughout the body. The venous tube uses an antigravity mechanism to transport blood back to the heart pulsation of the heart breathing that moves the chest and muscles of the body. All of them play an important role in the transport of blood back to the heart.

 

Function of the veins and valves of the veins.

 

The important task of returning blood to the heart is due to the contractile mechanisms of the muscles and the so-called venous valves. The invisible continuous movement of muscles throughout the body slowly squeezes the veins and pushes the blood from one valve to the other. Each valve consists of two leaflets that act like a pair of water gates. This prevents the gravity of the earth from pulling the blood back down into the legs.

 

The legs of a normal healthy person have veins with smooth and elastic walls to adapt to changes in intravenous pressure. When the calf muscles contract, the venous valves open in the direction toward the heart to allow enough blood to flow through the muscles to relax. The valve then closes to prevent the return of blood.

 

But if the walls of the veins are damaged due to varicose veins or blood clots that cause the arteries to become clogged, then the clogged arteries will swell until the valve cannot close well. When the body is in a standing position, the blood flowing back to the heart stops at the legs. Pressure within the saphenous vein (Saphenousvein) under the skin will be higher until the veins are swollen. The most common initial symptom is feeling that the legs are tired or calf pain, especially when standing for a long time. Later, the blood will accumulate on the feet and ankles until it becomes swollen. The skin that covers the ankles will thin. and dark in color or may rupture into a wound called a stasis ulcer (Venous stasis ulcer)