Dry Eye Syndrome

A Common Eye Condition You Might Have Without Realizing

In today's society, people frequently spend their days staring at digital screens. Combined with hot weather, increased UV exposure, and air pollution from PM2.5 particles, more and more people are experiencing dry eye symptoms compared to the past.

What is Dry Eye? What are its symptoms? How can it be treated? Let's explore.

What is Dry Eye?

Dry eye disease occurs when our eyes do not produce enough tears to keep them lubricated.

Main Causes:

1. Decreased tear production: This can be due to aging, being female, having certain medical conditions, or taking specific medications, all of which can reduce tear production.
2. Increased tear evaporation: This happens when the oil glands in the eyelids become blocked. These glands normally produce oil to coat the tear film and prevent it from evaporating quickly. If these glands are chronically blocked or deteriorate, the tear film loses its stability, leading to dry eyes. This can also cause infections and conditions like blepharitis (stye).

Factors Contributing to Dry Eye:

• Reduced tear production with age
• Hormonal imbalances, particularly in women, affecting tear quality and quantity
• Prolonged use of contact lenses
• Chronic allergies and conjunctivitis
• Extended screen time
• Exposure to dry, windy environments
• Decreased blinking due to prolonged focusing on screens
• Insufficient sleep
• Inadequate removal of eye makeup, leading to blocked oil glands
• Poor diet lacking essential nutrients
• Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid issues or autoimmune diseases
• Use of medications like isotretinoin for acne, birth control pills, and antihistamines
• Eye surgery or laser procedures
• Blocked oil glands in the eyelids

Symptoms of Dry Eye:

• Stinging or burning eyes
• Blurred vision that comes and goes
• Sensitivity to light
• Itchy eyes, leading to frequent rubbing
• Red eyes that flare up periodically
• Watery eyes, resulting from irritation rather than lubrication
• Feeling of sand in the eyes
• Eye fatigue, eye strain, or headache
• Excessive eye discharge in the morning
• Risk of corneal ulcers and infections

How to Manage Dry Eye:

• Use artificial tears to regularly lubricate your eyes.
• Blink frequently to stimulate tear production.
• Take breaks every 20 minutes when using screens, closing your eyes for 20 seconds each time.
• Wear sunglasses or wind protection glasses when outdoors.
• Avoid direct exposure to bright sunlight, wind, air conditioning, and pollutants.
• Limit screen use to essential tasks.
• Apply warm compresses to reduce oil gland blockages, followed by eyelid scrubs to remove blockages and improve tear film stability.
• Seek advice from an ophthalmologist for severe symptoms. Treatments may include prescription eye drops, oral medications, tear duct plugs, eye spa treatments, or IPL laser therapy, depending on the severity.

Conclusion

Dry eye is a common condition that can significantly impact daily life. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned, consult an ophthalmologist to identify the cause and receive appropriate treatment. This will help maintain healthy eyes and prevent further complications, ensuring long-term comfort and clear vision for daily activities.