Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD)

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD)

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD) is a condition where the joint between the upper and lower jaw is unable to function properly, affecting the movement of the lower jaw in different directions such as forwards, backwards or to the sides.

The causes may include:

• A displaced or dislocated cushioning disc between the joint bones
• Damage to the soft tissue of the joint due to arthritis
• External trauma or an unknown cause

Common symptoms include:

• Headaches, earaches, and pain behind the eyes
• Clicking sounds when opening or closing the mouth
• Pain when yawning, wide-mouthed opening, or chewing
• Lockjaw
• Soreness of the jaw muscles

Treatment

Treatment methods for TMJD are not yet definitive, but there are several ways to alleviate symptoms, such as:

• Taking pain relief, muscle relaxant, or anti-inflammatory medication to reduce muscle pain
• Wearing a protective dental appliance to prevent tooth grinding between the upper and lower jaws
• Relaxation techniques to manage muscle tension, such as avoiding teeth grinding habits
• If conservative treatment is ineffective, other methods may be used, such as injecting medication into the joint or muscles, using Botulinum toxin, or performing small-scale endoscopic joint surgery or open joint surgery.