Syncope

Syncope

        Syncope is a condition characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness caused by a temporary lack of blood flow to the brain. The causes of syncope can range from a simple fainting episode to a more serious heart condition. Patients who have experienced syncope themselves or have a loved one who has experienced it may experience anxiety and loss of confidence, as they may not be sure when they or their loved one may experience syncope again. If syncope occurs while driving, crossing the road, or during physical activity, there may be concerns about how to recover, how to provide basic care, and what to do next. It is better to understand syncope to be better prepared.

 

Syncope occurs when the brain lacks oxygen due to a severe drop in blood pressure, which causes the control center of the brain to malfunction. There are several important causes of syncope, including:

1. Arrhythmia, in which the heart beats irregularly, either too slow or too fast, leading to inadequate blood supply to the brain, which can be life-threatening in some cases.

2. Heart disease that causes obstruction of blood flow, such as severe heart valve disease or coronary artery disease.

3. Low blood pressure, which is often caused by dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, or excessive use of blood pressure-lowering medications, especially in elderly patients.

4. Simple fainting, which is the most common cause of syncope. Patients often have a history of fainting since childhood, and it may occur when they see blood, needles, stand in the sun, or are in a crowded space.

5. Neurogenic Syncope, which is an abnormality of the autonomic nervous system, is commonly found in elderly people and cannot be controlled by maintaining blood pressure.

6. Seizures

 

What are the warning signs of fainting?

         Before fainting, some people may experience warning signs such as nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, the urge to defecate, sweating, and feeling cold. If the fainting is due to a heart condition, there may be palpitations beforehand, or there may be no warning signs at all. During fainting, there may be stiffness and jerking, which can be confused with seizures.

 

How should you behave when about to faint?

Quickly lie down on the ground to increase blood flow to the brain, which can prevent fainting and reduce the risk of injury. If you are driving, stop immediately and adjust your seating position to lying flat. If you are a passenger, find a seat or lying position in the vehicle. Alert those around you that you are about to faint and avoid getting out of the car, as fainting while standing can be dangerous.

 

What should you do if you see someone faint?

Provide basic first aid by having the patient lie down flat to prevent injury from fainting. Observe the patient's physical condition, such as pale face, green lips, sweating, or cold body, to determine the cause of fainting. This can provide clues to the underlying medical condition. If the patient has convulsions or shows other signs of nervous system issues, seek medical attention. If it is suspected that the fainting is due to a heart condition, a medical examination of the heart should be conducted. If it is suspected that the fainting is caused by other factors, a tilt table test can be performed to diagnose the condition.

 

Is there a test to determine the cause of fainting?

The testing depends on the suspected cause of fainting by the physician. If the fainting is suspected to be caused by a heart condition, a heart examination is required. If the patient has convulsions or shows other signs of nervous system issues, medical consultation is needed. If it is suspected that the fainting is caused by other factors, a tilt table test can be performed to diagnose the condition.