Flu (Influenza)

Flu

Dr. Chidwate Worapiankul, Internal Medicine Physician at Vibhavadi Hospital

The flu, also known as influenza, is a viral infection that primarily affects the nose and throat. Approximately 75-80% of flu cases are caused by viruses collectively known as Coryza Viruses, with Rhino Viruses being the most common. Other types include Adenoviruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Although the illness typically resolves within a week, most patients seek medical attention due to symptoms such as mucous secretion. On average, children experience the flu 6-12 times, while adults may have it 2-4 times. Women are more susceptible than men due to their close contact with children, while older individuals may experience it once a year.

Symptoms:

In adults, symptoms typically begin with fatigue and mild headaches, followed by sneezing and a runny nose. Fever is rare in adults. The virus usually clears from the respiratory tract within 2-3 days and disappears within 2 weeks. Some individuals may experience ear pain and tympanic membrane inflammation. In certain cases, conjunctivitis, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing may occur. The duration of the illness is usually no more than 2-5 days, but a runny nose may persist for up to 2 weeks. In children, symptoms can be more severe and often lead to complications such as bronchitis, pain, and swelling.

Transmission:

The flu tends to be more prevalent during the winter due to low humidity and cool air. Transmission occurs through contact with saliva and sputum of infected individuals. Additionally, germs present on contaminated hands can cause infection through the nose and eyes. Patients can be contagious before symptoms appear and for 1-2 days after symptom onset. Those at higher risk of contracting the flu include children under 2 years old, malnourished children, and those raised in orphanages.

Methods of Transmission

1. Transmission can occur through contact with the hands of infected children or adults who have come into contact with the patient's phlegm. This can happen when touching your eyes, mouth, or nose after contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.

2. Breathing in bacteria that the patient coughs out can lead to transmission.

3. Inhaling airborne germs is another way the infection can be transmitted.

Treatment:

- There is no specific treatment for the flu. If a fever is present, paracetamol can be given to reduce the fever.

- Aspirin should not be administered.

- Medications to alleviate symptoms, such as nasal decongestants and mild cough syrups, can be used.

- Resting and drinking plenty of water are advised.

- In children, the main complication is otitis media, which may require antibiotic treatment.

Prevention:

• Avoid crowded public places, such as cinemas and restaurants, during flu outbreaks.
• Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or tissue when coughing or sneezing.
• Practice frequent handwashing.
• Avoid touching your mouth or rubbing your eyes, as it may introduce the infection into your body.
• Minimize prolonged close contact with individuals who have a cold.

It is challenging to prevent flu infections completely; therefore, taking care of one's own health is essential.