Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis has recently resurged and caused concern for many. Let's delve into the symptoms of tuberculosis and preventive measures for those at risk.

The symptoms of tuberculosis are diverse and can be categorized as follows:

1. Chronic fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, and fatigue.
2. Cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
3. Coughing up blood.
4. Enlarged lymph nodes palpable in the neck and renal region.
5. Enlarged liver and spleen, palpable masses in the abdomen.
6. Headache, loss of consciousness, seizures.

Risk factors for tuberculosis include:

1. Close contact with tuberculosis patients (living together in the same household).
2. Weakened immune system, such as diabetes, HIV infection, or receiving immunosuppressive drugs like cancer medications or corticosteroids.

Preventive measures include:

• Stay in well-ventilated areas with good air circulation.
• Avoid close contact with tuberculosis patients in the infectious stage.
• Administer BCG vaccination at birth.
• Prevent transmission to others by:
• Not coughing or sneezing on others.
• Avoiding sharing personal items, such as towels or clothes, with others.
• Not spitting sputum on the ground in areas without direct sunlight.
• There have been reports of tuberculosis transmission among individuals on the same flight.
• If there are suspicious symptoms, abnormalities, or close contact, it is advisable to consult a physician to consider preventive medication for tuberculosis.

Article by Dr. Natthapongkorn Pavanawichian,

Respiratory Medicine Specialist, Vibhavadi Hospital.