Nutritional therapy for obese patients

Nutritional therapy for obese patients

The current lifestyle, living conditions, and environment in Thailand have changed significantly from the past. Previously, people bought food from the market, but now they purchase processed food from convenience stores. This has resulted in a higher prevalence of health problems such as obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Obesity is a global health issue, and according to a report from the World Health Organization, the obesity rate has tripled since 1975. The report also states that there are now 650 million adults worldwide aged 18 years and older who are obese.

It can be seen that the trend of obesity is increasing both in Thailand and around the world, and it is also found that weight loss businesses in Thailand have become popular, such as weight loss clinics, various weight-related advertisements, and weight loss pills. However, these may not be the correct methods when dealing with obesity. We should limit our food intake or reduce consumption of certain foods, along with exercise. Without a real commitment, perseverance, and continuous practice, we will not achieve success.

The word "obese" has two meanings: being overweight or having a high body mass index (BMI) and having the medical condition of obesity. Being overweight or having a BMI greater than 25 kg/m² is considered "overweight" or "obese" if the BMI is greater than 30 kg/m² according to the World Health Organization's standards.

To calculate BMI, the formula is:

BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)².

Main causes of obesity:

1. Genetics
2. Abnormal functioning of the endocrine system
3. Eating habits
4. Lack of physical activity
5. Other factors such as environmental conditions.

Waist circumference measurement:

For men, the waist circumference should not exceed 36 inches (90 cm).

For women, the waist circumference should not exceed 32 inches (80 cm).

There are two types of obesity patterns: apple shape and pear shape.

Apple-shaped individuals have more fat around the abdomen than around the hips.

Pear-shaped individuals have smaller waists and shoulders than their hips.

Weight loss through diet control:

1. Eat all 5 food groups with low-fat foods.
2. Lose weight gradually and consistently.
3. Spicy foods, especially chili, can help stimulate the metabolism.
4. Avoid eating after 6:00 p.m.
5. Avoid alcoholic beverages.
6. Chew food slowly.
7. Don't stay up late.
8. Reduce calorie intake by 300-500 calories per day.
9. Consume healthy fats, and do not eliminate fats completely.
10. Increase physical activity.
11. Avoid sweet pastries, fruits with high starch content, deep-fried foods, and high-fat foods. Increase fiber intake.
12. Limit consumption of rice and starches. Eat brown rice, wild rice, and proportion meals appropriately.