Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder commonly found in school-aged children, caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain that affects concentration. Symptoms typically emerge around the ages of 4-5 and can include academic problems like lack of focus, incomplete tasks, and falling behind on homework, as well as behavioral issues such as rough play, frequent interruptions, and restlessness. Often, adults may misinterpret these behaviors as poor academic ability or typical childish mischief, which, if untreated, can lead to more complex issues, especially in familial relationships as the child reaches adolescence.

 

ADHD is not a new condition, but it has become more widely discussed recently as public awareness and diagnostic criteria have improved. It is estimated that 8-12% of school-aged children have ADHD, with boys being more commonly affected. The symptoms are categorized into three primary types:

1.Inattention: Easily distracted, daydreaming, incomplete tasks, forgetfulness.

2.Hyperactivity/Impulsivity: Inability to stay still, excessive fidgeting, constant movement, excessive talking, and impatience.

3.Combined Type: A mix of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

Diagnosis is straightforward, requiring only a consultation with a specialist. It relies on clinical symptoms and history, without the need for complex tests, though information from schools may be requested to confirm the diagnosis. Further assessments like IQ tests or evaluations of reading, writing, and arithmetic skills may also be conducted.

 

-In addition to ADHD, other co-occurring conditions can include Learning Disorders (LD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), which can exacerbate ADHD symptoms, necessitating comprehensive treatment.

 

ADHD treatment

-Treatment does not always involve medication. Initially, doctors may suggest behavioral adjustments such as praising good behavior and establishing agreements to help the child control their actions.

-If necessary, and when behavioral strategies alone do not suffice, medication may be prescribed along with ongoing monitoring to adjust treatment as needed.

 

What are the benefits and side effects of ADHD medication?

-ADHD medications can significantly improve focus and reduce behavioral issues, leading to better academic performance and social interactions. These medications do not suppress brain function but help organize brain activity.

-Parents often worry about side effects like loss of appetite, headaches, and stomach pain, but these are typically temporary and not all children experience them.

-Medication is used alongside behavioral therapy, and dosages may be reduced gradually as symptoms improve, potentially leading to a discontinuation of medication.