Monkeypox

Monkeypox: Overview, Symptoms, and Prevention

Monkeypox, also known as simian smallpox, is caused by a virus found in rodents on the African continent. This virus can spread to other animals and humans. The disease was first identified in monkeys used in laboratory research, which is why it is called "monkeypox."

Current Outbreaks:

Recently, outbreaks have been reported primarily in North America and Europe. This year, a significant outbreak occurred in Africa, with a mortality rate of up to 3.4%. The outbreak has been linked to the Clade 1b virus, different from previous strains. Monitoring and tracking the Clade 1b strain in Thailand is crucial, as it poses a significant threat and requires vigilant surveillance to prevent its spread.

Symptoms to Watch For:

Symptoms typically appear 7-14 days after exposure to the virus and may include:

1. Fever, fatigue, headache, and body aches.
2. Swollen lymph nodes.
3. A rash that appears 1-3 days after the fever, progressing through the following stages:
   • Raised red bumps resembling a rash.
   • The bumps fill with clear fluid, causing itching and a burning sensation.
   • The fluid-filled bumps become pus-filled. In severe cases, the bumps may burst and eventually dry up, healing within 2-4 weeks.
4. Some patients may experience additional symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, sore throat, cough, and difficulty breathing.
5. Individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions may develop complications, leading to severe and potentially life-threatening symptoms.

Prevention:

• Wash hands regularly with soap or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after handling pets or touching surfaces.
• Wear a mask in areas at high risk of spreading the virus.
• Avoid contact with infected individuals or animals that could carry the virus.
• Receiving the smallpox vaccine can reduce the risk of contracting monkeypox.

References:

1. Department of Disease Control. "Monkeypox: Transmission from Animals to Humans, Prevention Measures." 2022.  https://ddc.moph.go.th/brc/news.php?news=25415&deptcode=