hMPV Virus (Human Metapneumovirus)

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV): Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

What is hMPV?
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a type of virus that causes respiratory tract infections, similar to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza. It is a significant cause of respiratory illnesses, especially in young children, and can lead to pneumonia in severe cases.
 

Causes of hMPV Infection
hMPV infections can occur at any age but are most commonly seen in children under 5 years old. The virus spreads through:

• Respiratory droplets: From coughing, sneezing, or speaking.
• Direct contact: With respiratory secretions from an infected person.
• Contaminated surfaces: Touching objects or surfaces contaminated with hMPV and then touching the nose, mouth, or eyes.
• Airborne transmission: Inhalation of virus particles suspended in the air.

Symptoms of hMPV Infection
Common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Cough
• Runny nose and mucus production
• Sore throat
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

In adults or older children, hMPV often presents symptoms similar to a common cold. However, in young children with weaker immune systems, the infection can lead to severe pneumonia, sometimes requiring hospitalization.
 

Severe Symptoms Indicating Pneumonia Risk:

• Rapid or labored breathing
• Increased irritability or restlessness in children
• Refusal to eat or drink
• Persistent coughing with fever

If a child shows signs of breathing difficulty, immediate medical attention is necessary to confirm the infection and provide appropriate care.

Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis:
hMPV infection is typically diagnosed using a nasal swab test, similar to tests for influenza and RSV, which is analyzed in a laboratory.

Treatment:
There is no specific antiviral treatment for hMPV. Management is primarily supportive, including:

• Fever reducers
• Medications to relieve symptoms
• Supplemental oxygen if breathing is difficult

In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for:

• Nebulizer treatments
• Suctioning of mucus
• Chest physiotherapy
• Intravenous fluids if dehydration occurs

Most hMPV infections resolve within 5–7 days, although severe cases may require extended hospital care.
 

Prevention of hMPV Infection
Currently, there is no vaccine available for hMPV. Preventive measures include:

• Avoiding crowded places, especially during outbreaks.
• Staying away from individuals with respiratory symptoms like coughing or sneezing.
• Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Regularly disinfecting surfaces and objects to reduce the risk of viral transmission.

These precautions can help reduce the likelihood of contracting respiratory infections, including hMPV.