Acute Kidney Injury

Understanding Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What is Acute Kidney Injury?

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure, is a sudden decline in kidney function over a short period. It occurs when the kidneys are unable to filter waste products from the blood effectively, leading to the accumulation of harmful substances in the body. AKI can develop rapidly, within a few hours or days, and requires immediate medical attention to prevent severe complications.

Causes of Acute Kidney Injury

Several factors can contribute to the development of AKI, including:

• Reduced blood flow to the kidneys: Conditions such as severe dehydration, heart failure, or shock can lead to decreased blood supply to the kidneys.

• Direct kidney damage: Infections, toxins, drugs, or autoimmune diseases can directly harm kidney tissues.

• Urinary obstruction: Blockages in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate, can prevent urine from leaving the body, causing kidney damage.

Risk Factors for AKI

Certain individuals are more vulnerable to AKI, particularly those with:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

• Diabetes or high blood pressure

• Severe infections or sepsis

• Advanced age

• Major surgeries or hospitalizations

• Exposure to nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., certain antibiotics, NSAIDs, or chemotherapy drugs)

Symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury

The signs and symptoms of AKI may vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Decreased urine output or complete lack of urination

• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or face due to fluid retention

• Fatigue and weakness

• Shortness of breath

• Nausea and vomiting

• Confusion or altered mental state

• Chest pain or irregular heartbeat due to electrolyte imbalances

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury at Vibhavadi Hospital

Comprehensive Diagnosis

At Vibhavadi Hospital, our team of nephrologists and specialists use advanced diagnostic methods to accurately identify AKI and determine its underlying cause. These include:

1. Laboratory Tests

• Blood Tests: Measuring creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels to assess kidney function.

• Electrolyte Tests: Evaluating potassium, sodium, and calcium levels to detect imbalances.

• Urinalysis: Examining urine for protein, blood, and abnormal cells that indicate kidney dysfunction.

2. Imaging Studies

• Ultrasound: Provides a non-invasive assessment of kidney size, structure, and possible obstructions.

• CT Scan or MRI: Helps detect kidney stones, tumors, or other abnormalities affecting kidney function.

3. Kidney Biopsy (if necessary)

A small sample of kidney tissue may be taken for detailed examination to determine the exact cause of kidney damage.

Treatment Options for Acute Kidney Injury

The treatment for AKI depends on the severity and underlying cause. At Vibhavadi Hospital, our treatment approaches include:

1. Fluid and Electrolyte Management

• Administering IV fluids to restore hydration levels if dehydration is the cause.

• Correcting electrolyte imbalances to prevent complications such as irregular heart rhythms.

2. Medication Management

• Stopping or adjusting medications that may be harming the kidneys (e.g., NSAIDs or certain antibiotics).

• Using diuretics in some cases to help the kidneys remove excess fluids.

• Treating underlying infections with appropriate antibiotics.

3. Dialysis (If Necessary)

For severe cases where the kidneys fail to function adequately, dialysis may be required to remove waste and excess fluids from the body.

4. Managing Underlying Conditions

• Treating high blood pressure or diabetes to protect kidney function.

• Addressing urinary obstructions through catheterization or surgery if needed.

Why Choose Vibhavadi Hospital for AKI Treatment?

At Vibhavadi Hospital, we provide world-class nephrology care through a multidisciplinary approach. Our Kidney Care Center offers:

1. Expert Nephrologists and Medical Team

Our team of highly experienced nephrologists, urologists, and critical care specialists ensures comprehensive and personalized treatment for AKI patients.

2. State-of-the-Art Diagnostic and Treatment Facilities

We use cutting-edge technology, including advanced imaging and laboratory tests, to provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

3. 24/7 Emergency Care

Acute Kidney Injury is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Our emergency care unit is available round-the-clock to provide urgent medical intervention.

4. Comprehensive Post-Treatment Follow-Up

We offer long-term kidney health monitoring, lifestyle counseling, and medication management to prevent future kidney damage and ensure full recovery.