Influenza: The Most Commonly Seen Illness by Physicians

Influenza: The Most Commonly Seen Illness by Physicians

 

Influenza, also known as the flu, is an infection of the nose and throat, primarily caused by viral infections known as Coryza viruses, which include Rhino-viruses as the main strain. Other types of viruses involved are Adenoviruses and Respiratory syncytial virus. When the infection enters the nose and throat, it causes swelling and redness of the nasal tissues, along with the production of mucus. Although the illness typically resolves on its own within a week, it is the most common reason for patients to seek medical attention. On average, children experience the flu 6-12 times per year, while adults have it 2-4 times. Women are more susceptible than men due to their close proximity to children. Elderly individuals may experience it once a year.

 

Symptoms in adults include sneezing and a runny nose as the initial signs, accompanied by mild fatigue and minor headaches. Fever is not commonly observed. The virus is released from the patient's respiratory tract for 2-3 hours and usually clears within two weeks. Some individuals may also experience earaches, blood-tinged ear secretions, or conjunctivitis, along with a sore throat and difficulty swallowing. The illness typically lasts for 2-5 days, but nasal discharge may persist for up to two weeks. In children, the flu can be severe and may lead to complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia.

 

Transmission:

 

This disease tends to spread during the winter season due to low humidity and cold air. It can be transmitted through saliva and respiratory secretions. Additionally, the virus can be contracted by touching contaminated surfaces and subsequently rubbing the eyes, nose, or mouth. Infected individuals can transmit the virus before experiencing symptoms and up to 1-2 days after symptoms appear. Those most susceptible to the flu are children under 2 years old, malnourished children, and children in daycare centers.

 

Methods of Transmission:

 

1. Touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus and then touching the eyes, mouth, or nose.
2. Inhaling the virus released through coughing from an infected individual.
3. Inhaling airborne droplets containing the virus.

 

Treatment:

 

• There is no specific treatment for the flu. If fever is present, paracetamol can be used to reduce it, while aspirin should be avoided.
• Medications can be provided to relieve symptoms, such as decongestants, nasal sprays, and mild cough suppressants.
• Rest and drinking plenty of fluids are recommended.
• Generally, the illness lasts for 2-4 days, after which the symptoms subside. However, middle ear inflammation is a significant complication in children and may require antibiotic treatment.

 

Prevention:

 

• Avoid crowded places such as movie theaters and shopping malls during flu outbreaks.
• Cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a facial tissue or the inner elbow.
• Wash hands frequently.
• Avoid touching the face, as it can introduce the virus into the body.
• Minimize close contact with individuals suffering from the flu for an extended period.

 

It is difficult to fully prevent contracting influenza, and currently there is no vaccine available…therefore self-care and personal health management is the most crucial.

 

Dr. Chidwate Woraphiankul

Physician at Vibhavadi Hospital